YPP-100

Owner's Manual


Saving data

Saving and backing up your data
Internal data is retained for about 1 week after the power is turned off. If the period is exceeded, the data will be lost. Be sure to turn the power switch on for a few minutes at least once a week. The data could be lost due to malfunction or incorrect operation. Save important data to external media such as the Yamaha MDF3 MIDI data filer.

Backing up the floppy disk
To protect against data loss through media damage, we recommend that you save your important data onto two floppy disks.


Introduction

Thank you for choosing a Yamaha Light Piano YPP-100. Your YPP-100 is a fine musical instrument that employs advanced Yamaha music technology. With the proper care, your YPP-100 will give you many years of musical pleasure.

The YPP-100 utilizes Yamaha's "AWM Stereo Sampling" tone generating Light Piano technology to produce musically rich voices of unmatched sonic realism. The piano voices are created with newly recorded samples taken from a full concert grand piano.

Dual mode allows 2 voices to be played simultaneously.

Metronome feature with variable tempo facilitates practice.

2-track digital recorder lets you record and play back anything you play on the keyboard.

MIDI compatibility and a range of MIDI functions make the YPP-100 useful in a range of advanced MIDI music systems.

In order to make the most of your YPP-100's performance potential and features, we urge you to read this Owner's Manual thoroughly, and keep it in a safe place for later reference.

Trademarks
Apple and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.


Included Accessories
Owner's Manual
Music Rest
FC5 Footswitch (x1)
Keyboard Stand



Contents
Some lists, the score, and the index are not available.

The Control Panel	8

Setting Up	10
Power supply connections	10
Accessory Jacks	10
Music Rest	11

Selecting & Playing Voices	12

Playing the Demonstration Tunes	13
Voice Demo	13
Preset Song	14
Preset Song A-B Repeat	15
Preset Song Part Cancel	16
Synchro Start	16
Soft Pedal Start/Stop	16

The Dual Mode	17
Other Dual Mode Functions	17

Reverb	18
Adjusting Reverb Depth	18

The Effect	19
Adjusting Effect Depth	19

Touch Sensitivity	20

Transposition	21

The Metronome & Tempo Control	22
The Metronome	22
Metronome Time Signature	22
Metronome Volume Function	22
Tempo Control	22

Using the User Song Recorder	23
Recording	23
Changing the Initial Settings	24
Erasing a Single Track	24
Playback	25
Synchro Start	25
Soft Pedal Start/Stop	25

The Function Mode	26
To Select a Function	26
F1 Tuning	27
F2 Scale	27
F2.1: Scale	27
F2.2: Base Note	27
F3 Dual Mode Functions	28
F3.1: Dual Balance	28
F3.2: Dual Detune	28
F3.3: 1st Voice Octave Shift	28
F3.4: 2nd Voice Octave Shift	28
F3.5: 1st Voice Effect Depsth	29
F3.6: 2nd Voice Effect Depth	29
F3.7: Reset	29
F4 Soft Pedal Mode	29
F5 Metronome Volume	29
F6 Preset Song Part Cancel Volume	29
F7 MIDI Functions	30
F7.1: MIDI Transmit Channel Selection	30
F7.2: MIDI Receive Channel Selection	30
F7.3: Local Control ON/OFF	31
F7.4: Program Change ON/OFF	31
F7.5: Control Change ON/OFF	32
F7.6: MIDI Transmit Transpose	32
F7.7: Panel/Status Transmit	32
F7.8: Bulk Data Dump	32
F8 Backup Functions	33
F8.1: Voice	33
F8.2: MIDI	33
F8.3: Tuning	33
F8.4: Pedal	33

Using the MIDI Functions	34
What Is MIDI?	34
Connecting to a Personal Computer	36

Factory Preset Recall	37

Troubleshooting	37

Options	37

Voice Descriptions	38
Demo and Preset Song List	39
Factory Setting List	40
MIDI Data Format	41
MIDI Implementation Chart	45
Keyboard Stand Assembly	46
Specifications	52



The Control Panel

(Figure)
The PHONES jacks are located on the front panel, below the left end of the keyboard. (see page 11)

1.	[STANDBY/ON] Switch
Press the [STANDBY/ON] switch once to turn the power ON, a second time to turn the power OFF. When the power is initially turned ON, a voice selector LED will light.

2.	[MASTER VOLUME] Control
The [MASTER VOLUME] control adjusts the volume (level) of sound produced by the YPP-100's internal stereo sound system. The [MASTER VOLUME] control also adjusts headphone volume when a pair of headphones is plugged into the PHONES jack (page 11).

3.	[DEMO] Button
Activates the demo playback mode in which you can select playback of different demonstration sequences for each of the YPP-100's voices. See page 13 for details.

4.	[TRANSPOSE] Button
The [TRANSPOSE] button allows access to the YPP-100's TRANSPOSE function (to shift the pitch of the entire keyboard up or down in semitone intervals).

5.	[FUNCTION] Button
This button accesses a range of utility functions -- including the MIDI functions -- that significantly enhance versatility and playability. See page 26 for details.

6.	METRONOME [START/STOP] Button
Turns the metronome sound on and off. The [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons are used to set the tempo of the metronome sound. The [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons are used to change the time signature (beat) of the metronome if used while the METRONOME [START/STOP] button is held -- page 22.

7.	[TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] Buttons
These buttons adjust the tempo of the metronome function as well as the playback tempo of the recorder function. The tempo range is from 32 to 280 beats per minute -- page 22. These same buttons are also used to select functions -- page 26. 

8.	[minus/NO], [plus/YES] Buttons
These buttons select a preset song number for playback, and are also used to adjust a range of other parameters.

9.	[PRESET SONG] Button
This button enters the preset song mode. While in this mode you can use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to select from 20 songs.

10.	TRACK [1] and [2] Buttons
The YPP-100 has a 2-track recorder, and these buttons are used to select the track(s) to be recorded or played back. See page 23 for details.

11.	SONG [START/STOP] and [REC] Buttons
These buttons control the YPP-100's user song recorder, letting you record and play back just about anything you play on the keyboard.

12.	Voice Selectors
Simply press any of the voice selectors to select the corresponding voice. The voice selector LED will light to indicate which voice is currently selected. 
There is also a dual mode in which two voices can be played simultaneously across the full range of the keyboard (see page 17 for details).

13.	[REVERB] Button
The [REVERB] button selects a number of digital reverb effects that you can use for extra depth and expressive power. See page 18 for details.

14.	[EFFECT] Button
This button selects a number of effects which can give your sound greater depth and animation.

15.	[TOUCH] Button
The [TOUCH] button makes it easy to adjust the touch response of the YPP-100 to match your playing style. See page 20 for details.

16.	PHONES Jacks
See page 11 for details.

17.	MIDI IN/OUT Connectors 
See page 11 for details.

18.	PEDAL DAMPER/SOFT Jacks
See page 11 for details.

19.	OUTPUT R and L/L+R Jacks
See page 10 for details.

20.	DC IN 12V Jack 
See page 10 for details.


Setting Up

Power supply connections

Using An AC Power Adaptor

1.	Make sure that the STANDBY/ON switch of the YPP-100 is set to STANDBY.

2.	Connect the AC adaptor (PA-5D, PA-5C or other adaptor specifically recommended by Yamaha) to the power supply jack.

3.	Plug the AC adaptor into an AC outlet.

CAUTION
Never interrupt the power supply (e.g. unplug the AC adaptor) during any YPP-100 record operation! Doing so can result in a loss of data.

WARNING
Use ONLY a Yamaha PA-5D or PA-5C AC Power Adaptor (or other adaptor specifically recommended by Yamaha) to power your instrument from the AC mains. The use of other adaptors may result in irreparable damage to both the adaptor and the YPP-100.
Unplug the AC Power Adaptor when not using the YPP-100, or during electrical storms.
Plugging or unplugging the AC power adaptor will reset the YPP-100 to the defaults.


Accessory Jacks

CAUTION
Before connecting the YPP-100 to other electronic components, turn off the power for all components. Before turning the power on or off for all components, set all-volume levels to minimum.

Using the OUTPUT R and L/L+R Jacks
The OUTPUT R and L/L+R jacks deliver the output of the YPP-100 for connection to an instrument amplifier, mixing console, PA system, or recording equipment. If you will be connecting the YPP-100 to a monaural sound system, use only the L/L+R jack. When a plug is inserted into the L/L+R jack only, the left- and right-channel signals are combined and delivered via the L/L+R jack so you don't lose any of the YPP-100's sound.

CAUTION
When the YPP-100's OUTPUT jacks are connected to an external sound system, first turn the YPP-100 power on, and then the power to the external amplifier/speaker system. Reverse this order when turning the power off.

Using the MIDI IN and OUT Connectors
The MIDI IN connector receives MIDI data from an external MIDI device which can be used to control the YPP-100. The MIDI OUT connector transmits MIDI data generated by the YPP-100 (e.g. note and velocity data produced by playing the YPP-100 keyboard).
More details on MIDI are given in "MIDI Functions" on page 30.

Using the Damper Pedal (connect a footswitch to the DAMPER Jack)
A footswitch connected to the DAMPER jack will basically function in the same way as a damper pedal on an acoustic piano. When the footswitch is pressed, notes played will have a long sustain. Releasing the footswitch immediately stops (dampens) any sustained notes.

NOTE
Be sure that you do not press the footswitch while turning the power on. If you do, the ON/OFF status of the footswitch will be reversed.
If the Damper function doesn't work, or notes are sustained even when the footswitch is not pressed, make sure that the pedal is properly plugged into the DAMPER Jack.

Using the Soft Pedal (connect a footswitch to the SOFT Jack)
A footswitch connected to the SOFT jack reduces the volume and slightly changes the timbre of notes played while the footswitch is pressed. The soft pedal function will not affect notes that are already sustaining when the footswitch is pressed.
This footswitch can also be assigned to function as a start/stop switch with the "Soft Pedal Mode" described on page 29.

Using the PHONES Jacks
Two sets of standard stereo headphones can be plugged in here for private practice or late-night playing. The internal speaker system is automatically shut off when a pair of headphones is plugged into either of the PHONES jacks.


Music Rest
The YPP-100 is supplied with a music rest that can be attached to the instrument by inserting it into the slot at the rear of the control panel.


Selecting & Playing Voices

1.	Turn Power On
With the AC power adaptor connected, simply press the [STANDBY/ON] switch until it locks in the ON position.  When the instrument is not in use, be sure to turn the power off.  (Press the switch again so that it pops up.)

CAUTION
Even when the switch is in the "STANDBY" position, electricity is still flowing to the instrument at the minimum level. When you are not using the YPP-100 for a long time, make sure you unplug the AC power adaptor from the wall AC outlet.

2.	Set the Volume
Initially set the [MASTER VOLUME] control about half way between the "MIN" and "MAX" settings. Then, when you start playing, re-adjust the [MASTER VOLUME] control for the most comfortable listening level.

3.	Select a Voice
Select the desired voice by pressing one of the voice selectors. 

NOTE
See "Voice Descriptions" on page 38.

4.	Play
The YPP-100 also offers keyboard touch response, so the volume and timbre of notes played can be controlled according to how "hard" you play the keys. The amount of variation available depends on the selected voice.

NOTE
Some voices do not have keyboard touch response. See "Voice Descriptions" on page 38 for details.

5.	 Add Effects As Required
You can add or change reverb and effects as desired by using the [REVERB] button (page 18) and [EFFECT] button (page 19).


Playing the Demonstration Tunes

Demonstration tunes are provided that effectively demonstrate each of the YPP-100's voices. There are also 20 preset songs that you can play individually, all in sequence, or in random order. Here's how you can select and play the demo tunes. 

NOTE
The demo or preset song mode cannot be engaged while a user song recorder (page 23) is in use.
No MIDI reception occurs in the demo/preset song mode.
The demo/preset song data is not transmitted via the MIDI connectors.

See page 39 for a complete listing of the demo tunes and preset songs.


Voice Demo

1.	Engage the Demo Mode
Press the [DEMO] button to engage the demo mode -- the voice selector indicators will flash in sequence.

2.	Play a Voice Demo
Press one of the voice selectors to start playback of all songs starting from the corresponding voice demo tune -- featuring the voice normally selected by that voice selector button. (If you press the SONG [START/STOP] button instead of a voice selector button, the PIANO 1 demo tune will begin playback.) The indicator of the selected voice selector button will flash during playback, and "- - -" will appear on the LED display. You can start playback of any other voice demo tune during playback by simply pressing the corresponding voice selector. You can stop playback at any time by pressing the SONG [START/STOP] button or the voice selector of the currently playing demo.

NOTE
Use the [MASTER VOLUME] control to adjust the volume.

3.	Exit From the Demo Mode
Press the [DEMO] button to exit from the demo mode and return to the normal play mode.


Preset Song

1.	Engage the Preset Song Mode
Press the [PRESET SONG] button to engage the preset song mode -- the [PRESET SONG], TRACK [1] and [2] indicators will light.

2.	Play a Preset Song
To play any of the 20 preset songs provided, use the [minus/NO], [plus/YES] buttons to select the number of the tune you want to play (the number will appear on the LED display), then press the SONG [START/STOP] button. Playback will stop automatically when playback of the selected preset song has finished. 
Select "ALL" instead of a number to play all preset songs in sequence, or select 'rnd" to continuously play all preset songs in random order. Press the SONG [START/STOP] button to stop playback. 

NOTE
Use the [MASTER VOLUME] control to adjust the volume.
You can use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN,UP] buttons to adjust the playback tempo as required. This produces a relative tempo variation, with a range from "minus 50" through "- - -" to "50" at maximum; the range will differ depending on the selected song.
The default tempo "- - -" is automatically selected whenever a new preset song is selected, or playback of a new preset song begins during "ALL" or "rnd" playback.
You can play the keyboard along with the preset song playback. The voice playing on the keyboard can be changed.
You can change the Reverb type that is applied to the voice you play on the keyboard and for the preset song playback. You can change the Effect type and Touch sensitivity that is applied to the voice you play on the keyboard. When a new preset song is selected or a new preset song is automatically started in continuous play, the HALL 1 reverb type will automatically be selected.

3.	Exit From the Preset Song Mode
Press the [PRESET SONG] button to exit from the preset song mode, the indicator will go off, and return to the normal play mode.


Preset Song A-B Repeat
The A-B Repeat function can be used to continuously repeat a specified phrase within a preset song. Combined with the Part Cancel function described below, this provides an excellent way to practice difficult phrases.

1.	Specify the Beginning (A) of the Phrase
Select and play a preset song, then press the [FUNCTION] button at the beginning of the phrase you want to repeat. This sets the "A" point ("A-" will appear on the display). 
To set the "A" point at the very beginning of the song, press the [FUNCTION] button before starting playback.

2.	Specify the End (B) of the Phrase
Press the [FUNCTION] button a second time at the end of the phrase. This sets the "B" point ("A-b" will appear on the display). At this point repeat playback will begin between the specified A and B points. The metronome will sound when playback begins to give you a tempo reference. However, if playback repeats from the beginning of the song, there will be no tempo reference from metronome.
To set the B point at the song's end, press the [FUNCTION] button after song playback is complete and before "A-" disappears from the display.

3.	Stop Playback
Press the SONG [START/STOP] button to stop playback while retaining the specified A and B points. A-B repeat playback will resume if the SONG [START/STOP] button is then pressed again.
To cancel the A and B points press the [FUNCTION] button once.

NOTE
The A and B points are automatically canceled when a new song is selected.
The A-B Repeat function cannot be used during "ALL" or "rnd" playback.


Preset Song Part Cancel
The 20 preset songs have separate left- and right-hand parts that can be turned on and off as required so you can practice the corresponding part on the keyboard. The right-hand part is played by TRACK [1] track, and the left-hand part is played by TRACK [2] track. 

1.	Turn the Desired Part Off
Press the TRACK [1] or [2] button to turn the corresponding part off -- the corresponding indicator will go out (these buttons alternately toggle the corresponding part on and off). 

NOTE
The parts can be turned on or off even during playback.
The Preset Song Part Cancel function cannot be used during "ALL" or "rnd" playback.
The "Preset Song Part Cancel Volume" function described on page 29 can be used to set the canceled part so that it plays at a volume from "0" (no sound) to "20". The default setting is "5".
Both parts are automatically turned ON whenever a new song is selected.

2.	Start/Stop Playback
Press the SONG [START/STOP] button to start and stop playback as required. 

Synchro Start
When the Synchro Start function is engaged, playback of the selected preset song will begin automatically as soon as you start playing on the keyboard.
To engage the Synchro Start function press the SONG [START/STOP] button while holding the part button corresponding to the part which is ON. A dot will appear in the lower right corner of the display. (Repeat the previous operation to disengage the Synchro Start function.) 
Playback will then start as soon as you begin playing on the keyboard.

NOTE
If you hold a track button which is OFF while pressing the SONG [START/STOP] button, that track will be turned ON and the Synchro Start mode will be engaged. 

Soft Pedal Start/Stop 	
A footswitch connected to the SOFT jack can be used to start and stop playback of a preset song using the "Soft Pedal Mode" function described on page 29.


The Dual Mode

The dual mode makes it possible to play two voices simultaneously across the entire range of the keyboard. 

To activate the dual mode simply press two voice selectors at the same time (or press one voice selector while holding another). The voice indicators of both selected voices will light when the dual mode is active. To return to the normal single-voice play mode, press any single voice selector.
According to the voice numbering priority as shown in the diagram on the left, lower valued voice numbers will be designated as the 1st Voice (the other voice will be designated as the 2nd Voice).

(Figure)
Voice numbering priority

NOTE
[EFFECT] in the Dual Mode
Depending upon the conditions one effect type will take priority over the other. Depth will be decided according to the depth default value of the voice combination. However, using function F3 (see page 28) you can change the depth value for each voice as you like.
Effect depth setting via the panel controls (i.e. pressing the [minus/NO] or 
[plus/YES] buttons while holding the [EFFECT] button -- see page 19) will be applied to the 1st Voice only.
[REVERB] in the Dual Mode
The reverb type assigned to the 1st Voice will take priority over the other. (If the reverb is set to OFF, the 2nd Voice's reverb type will be in affect.) 
Reverb depth setting via the panel controls (i.e. pressing the [minus/NO] or [plus/YES] buttons while holding the [REVERB] button -- see page 18) will be applied to the 1st Voice only.

Other Dual Mode Functions
The YPP-100 Function mode provides access to a number of other dual-mode functions, listed below. See the corresponding pages for details.

Dual Balance	28
Dual Detune	28
1st Voice Octave Shift	28
2nd Voice Octave Shift	28
1st Voice Effect Depth	29
2nd Voice Effect Depth	29
Reset	29


Reverb

The [REVERB] button selects a number of digital reverb effects that you can use for extra depth and expressive power.

To select a reverb type press the [REVERB] button a few times until the indicator corresponding to the desired type lights (the indicators light in sequence each time the [REVERB] button is pressed). No reverb is produced when all indicators are off.

OFF
No reverb effect is selected when no REVERB indicator is lit.

ROOM
This setting add a continuous reverb effect to the sound that is similar to the type of acoustic reverberation you would hear in a room. 

HALL 1
For a "bigger" reverb sound, use the HALL 1 setting. This effect simulates the natural reverberation of a small-size concert hall.

HALL 2
For a really spacious reverb sound, use the HALL 2 setting. This effect simulates the natural reverberation of a large concert hall.

STAGE
A simulation of the type of reverb produced in a stage environment.

NOTE
The default reverb type (including OFF) and depth settings are different for each voice.

Adjusting Reverb Depth
Adjust the reverb depth for the selected voice by using the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons while holding the [REVERB] button. The depth range is from 0 through 20 (the current depth setting appears on the LED display while the [REVERB] button is held). A setting of "0" produces no effect, while a setting of "20" produces maximum reverb depth. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously while holding the [REVERB] button to recall the default setting for the current voice (default depth settings are different for each voice).



The Effect

The [EFFECT] button allows you to select one of the effects that can give your sound greater depth and animation.

To select an effect type press the [EFFECT] button a few times until the indicator corresponding to the desired type lights (the indicators light in sequence each time the [EFFECT] button is pressed). No effect is produced when all indicators are off.

OFF
No effect is selected when no EFFECT indicator is lit.

CHORUS
Shimmering, broadening effect

PHASER
Adds depth to the sound.

TREMOLO
Tremolo effect

DELAY
Echo effect

NOTE
The default effect type (including OFF) and depth settings are different for each voice.

Adjusting Effect Depth
Effect depth can be individually adjusted for the selected voice by using the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons while holding the [EFFECT] button. The depth range is from 0 through 20 (the current depth setting appears on the LED display while the [EFFECT] button is held). A setting of "0" produces no effect, while a setting of "20" produces maximum effect depth. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously while holding the [EFFECT] button to recall the default setting for the current voice (the default depth settings are different for each voice).


Touch Sensitivity

Four different types of keyboard touch sensitivity -- HARD, MEDIUM, SOFT or FIXED -- can be selected to match different playing styles and preferences. 

To select a touch sensitivity type press the [TOUCH] button a few times until the indicator corresponding to the desired type lights (the indicators light in sequence each time the [TOUCH] button is pressed).

HARD
The HARD setting requires the keys to be played quite hard to produce maximum loudness.

MEDIUM
The MEDIUM setting produces a fairly "standard" keyboard response. This is the initial factory default setting.

SOFT
The SOFT setting  allows maximum loudness to be produced with relatively light key pressure.

FIXED (no indicator lit)
All notes are produced at the same volume no matter how hard the keyboard is played. 
When the FIXED type is selected, the volume of notes played in the FIXED mode can be set by using the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons while the [TOUCH] button is held (the current volume level appears on the display). The volume range is from 1 through 127. The default setting is 80.

NOTE
This setting does not change the weight of the keyboard.
The touch sensitivity type and volume set in the FIXED mode will become the common setting for all voices. However, the touch sensitivity settings may have little or no effect with certain voices which are not normally responsive to keyboard dynamics (Refer to the "Voice Descriptions" on page 38).


Transposition

The YPP-100's TRANSPOSE function makes it possible to shift the pitch of the entire keyboard up or down in semitone intervals up to a maximum of 12 semitones (i.e. a maximum of one octave up or down). "Transposing" the pitch of the YPP-100 keyboard facilitates playing in difficult key signatures, and you can easily match the pitch of the keyboard to the range of a singer or other instrumentalist.

Use the [minus/NO] or [plus/YES] button while holding the [TRANSPOSE] button to transpose down or up as required. The transposition range is from "minus 12" (down one octave) through "0" (normal pitch) to "12" (up one octave). The amount of transposition appears on the LED display while the [TRANSPOSE] button is held. The default transpose setting is "0".

NOTE
The [TRANSPOSE] button indicator remains lit when a transpose setting other than "0" is selected.
If the transposed note exceeds the A-1 ... 0C7 range, the note will be sounded one octave higher or lower.



The Metronome & Tempo Control

The YPP-100 built-in metronome is a convenient feature for practice, and it can also provide a solid rhythmic guide when recording using the User Song Recorder feature, described in the next section.

The Metronome
The metronome sound is alternately turned on and off by pressing the METRONOME [START/STOP] button. When on, the beat indicator flashes at the current tempo.

(Figure)
Beat indicator

Metronome Time Signature
The time signature (beat) of the metronome can be set by using the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons while holding the METRONOME [START/STOP] button. You can set the beat to 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 (the current setting appears on the LED display while the METRONOME [START/STOP] button is held). Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously while holding the METRONOME [START/STOP] button to recall the default setting "0" (no accent).

Metronome Volume Function
The volume of the metronome sound can be adjusted via the Metronome Volume function in the Function mode-page 29.

Tempo Control
The tempo of the metronome and user song recorder playback (the recorder is described in the next section) can be set from 32 to 280 beats per minute by using the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons. The selected tempo will appear on the LED display while in the normal play mode and while the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP]buttons are being used to adjust the tempo in the recording/playback mode. The default tempo (120 or the recorded song tempo when the recorder contains data and the playback track indicator is lit) can be recalled by simultaneously pressing the [DOWN] and [UP] buttons.



Using the User Song Recorder

The ability to record and play back what you've played on the YPP-100 keyboard can be an effective practice aid. You can, for example, record just the left-hand part, and then practice the right-hand part while playing back the recorded left-hand part. Or, since you can record up to two tracks separately, you could record the left- and right-hand parts separately, or record both parts of a duet and hear how they sound when played back.

The user song recorder actually records the following data:
Voice selection
Dual mode voices
Damper pedal
Soft pedal
Effect depth
Reverb depth
Dual balance (F3)
Dual detune (F3)
Dual octave shift (F3)


Recording

1.	Make All Necessary Initial Settings
Before actually beginning to record, select the voice you want to record with (or voices if you will be using the dual or split mode). You might also want to set the volume and tempo controls.

2.	Engage the Record Ready Mode
Press the [REC] button to engage the record ready mode (recording does not actually start yet). The record ready mode can be disengaged before recording by pressing the [REC] button a second time.

NOTE
The record ready mode cannot be engaged while the demo/preset song mode is engaged.

3.	Select the Record Track
When the record mode is engaged in the previous step, the last-recorded track will automatically be selected for recording and its indicator -- i.e. the TRACK [1] or [2] button indicator -- will glow red. If you want to record on a different track, press the appropriate track button so that its indicator glows red.

NOTE
The track button indicators of tracks which contain previously recorded data will glow green (unless the track is turned off as described below). The previously-recorded data on the non-record track will normally be played back as you record, so you can play along with a previously-recorded track. If you don't want to hear the previously recorded track as you record (when you want to record a song different from what you recorded on the previous track etc.,), press the playback track button before pressing the [REC] button (step 1, above) so that its indicator goes out.
Recording on a track which already contains data will erase all previous data on that track.
When the record mode is engaged the amount of memory available for recording will be shown on the LED display in approximate kilobytes (starting at "50"), and the rightmost dot on the LED display will flash at the current METRONOME tempo setting.

4.	Start Recording
Recording will begin automatically as soon as you play a note on the keyboard or press the SONG [START/STOP] button. The current measure number will appear on the display while recording.

NOTE
A footswitch connected to the SOFT jack can be assigned to function as a start/stop switch for song recording with the "Soft Pedal Mode" described on page 29.
If the metronome was on when you started recording, you'll be able to keep time with the metronome while recording, but the metronome sound will not be recorded.
You can record up to a maximum of about 10,000 notes on the YPP-100, depending on pedal usage and other factors. The record track indicator will begin to flash when recorder memory is almost full. If the memory becomes full during recording, "FUL" will appear on the display and recording will stop automatically. (All recorded data up to that point will be retained.)

5.	Stop Recording
Press either the [REC] or SONG [START/STOP] button to stop recording.
The indicator of the recorded track will glow green to indicate that it now contains data.


Changing the Initial Settings
The initial voice, tempo, reverb type, reverb depth, and effect settings made in step 1 of the recording procedure are actually recorded by the YPP-100. 
These initial settings can be changed after the recording is finished by pressing the [REC] button to engage the record ready mode, pressing the appropriate track button, making the required changes, and then pressing the [REC] button again to exit from the record ready mode and register the changes. 
If you do this, be careful not to press the SONG [START/STOP] button or a key on the keyboard, either of which will start recording and erase all previous recorded data on the selected track. 
It is possible to cancel the operation even after changes have been made: change tracks and then press the [REC] button to exit from the record mode (this also cancels data for the entire song).

NOTE
The following data for initial settings cannot be changed: "Dual balance (F3)", "Dual detune (F3)" or "Dual octave shift (F3)".

Erasing a Single Track
All data can be erased from either of the recorder's tracks by engaging the record mode, selecting the track you want to erase, and then pressing the SONG [START/STOP] button twice without recording any data.



Playback

To play back what you've recorded, first make sure that the green track indicators of the tracks you want to play are lit. If not, press the corresponding track button(s) so that they are lit. Then press the SONG [START/STOP] button. Playback starts from the beginning of the recorded data, and will stop automatically at the end of the recorded data. You can also stop playback at any time by pressing the SONG [START/STOP] button. 
To mute a track so that it doesn't play back, press the corresponding track button so that its indicator goes out (press again to turn the track back on).
The current measure number appears on the display during playback.

NOTE
It is possible to play along on the keyboard during playback. In this case, the playback voice and the voice you play on the keyboard are not the same. The playback voice is the voice that was set when the data was recorded. The voice you play on the keyboard is the voice that is selected on the panel.
The playback volume and tempo can be adjusted by using the [MASTER VOLUME] control and [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons (press both [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons simultaneously to recall the default tempo).
All user song recorder data will be retained in memory for about one week after the power is turned off. If you want to keep your recorded data for longer periods, turn the power on for a few minutes at least once a week. It is also possible to store it to an external MIDI storage device such as the Yamaha MIDI Data Filer MDF3 by using the Bulk Data Dump function described on page 32. 
The track indicators will not light automatically when the power is turned on even if the user song recorder contains data. It is therefore necessary to press the track buttons so that the corresponding green indicators light before starting recorder playback. It is also a good idea to press the track buttons to check if the tracks contain data before recording. If the green indicator lights when the corresponding track button is pressed, that track contains data which will be erased and replaced by the newly-recorded data.
If the metronome is being used during playback, the metronome will automatically stop when playback is stopped.
During recorder playback, the volume of a track which is turned off will always be "0" (i.e. the "Preset Song Part Cancel Volume" function -- page 29 -- only affects preset song playback.
The playback data is not transmitted via the MIDI OUT connector.
Playback cannot be started when the demo/preset song mode is engaged. 
Playback cannot be started when the recorder contains no data, or when both track buttons are off.
If the REVERB type is changed via the panel controls during playback, both the playback and keyboard reverb effects will be changed.
If the EFFECT type is changed via the panel controls during playback, the playback effect may be switched off in some cases.


Synchro Start
When the Synchro Start function is engaged, recorder playback will begin automatically as soon as you start playing on the keyboard.
To engage the Synchro Start function press the SONG [START/STOP] button while holding a track button which is ON. The rightmost dot on the display will flash at the current tempo. (Repeat the previous operation to disengage the Synchro Start function.) Playback will then start as soon as you begin playing on the keyboard.
If you hold a track button which is OFF while pressing the SONG [START/STOP] button, that track will be turned ON and the Synchro Start mode will be engaged. 


Soft Pedal Start/Stop
A footswitch connected to the SOFT jack can be assigned to start or stop recorder playback using the "Soft Pedal Mode" function described on page 29. This is convenient for starting playback of the recorded part anytime after you have started playing.



The Function Mode

The [FUNCTION] button provides access to a range of functions that give the YPP-100 extraordinary versatility. The functions are categorized in groups as follows:

F1	Tuning	27
F2	Scale	27
F3	Dual Mode Functions	28
F4	Soft Pedal Mode	29
F5	Metronome Volume	29
F6	Preset Song Part Cancel Volume	29
F7	MIDI Functions	30
F8	Backup Functions	33

To Select a Function...
1.	Press the [FUNCTION] button so that its indicator lights.

NOTE
Functions cannot be selected during demo/preset song playback or when the user song recorder is in operation.

2.	Use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons to select the desired function: F1 through F8.

3.	In the case of the Scale (F2), Dual Mode (F3), MIDI (F7), and Backup (F8) functions, you will have to press the [plus/YES] button once to enter the respective sub-mode after the function has been selected, and then use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons again to select the desired sub-function.

NOTE
The Dual mode must be engaged before the F3 function can be selected. If the Dual mode is not engaged, "F3.-" will appear on the display and the sub-mode will not be available.

4.	Set the function as required by using the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons (see the individual function descriptions, below).

NOTE
After selecting the function, the current setting will be displayed when the [minus/NO] or [plus/YES] button is pressed for the first time.

5.	Press the [FUNCTION] button so that its indicator goes out to exit from the function mode.

(Figure)
Operation Example
F3.4
Press [plus/YES]
F3.1 ... F3.7 (sub-mode)
Use[TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP]

F3.2
Press [minus/NO] or [plus/YES] once
-10 ... 0 ... 10
Use [minus/NO], [plus/YES]
5

F1	Tuning
After selecting "F1", use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to lower or raise the pitch in approximately 0.2 Hz increments (the first time the [minus/NO] or [plus/YES] button is pressed simply switches to the tuning value display without actually changing the tuning). The overall tuning range is from 427.0 Hz to 453.0 Hz (corresponding to the A3 note's Hz). Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default value "440 Hz".
Tenths of a Hertz are indicated on the LED display by the appearance and position of one or two dots, as in the following example:

(Table)
Display	Value
440	440.0
4.40	440.2
44.0	440.4
440.	440.6
4.40.	440.8
(Table end)

F2 Scale
After selecting "F2.y", press the [plus/YES] button to engage the scale function sub-mode, then use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons to select the desired scale function, as listed below. 

F2.1: Scale
In addition to the standard Equal Temperament tuning, the YPP-100 includes 6 classic tunings that you can select and use to play music of the corresponding period, or experiment with in a more modern context. The tunings are:

1: Equal Temperament
2: Pure Major
3: Pure Minor
4: Pythagorean
5: Mean Tone
6: Werckmeister
7: Kirnberger

Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to select the number of the desired tuning. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default settings (Equal Temperament tuning).

F2.2: Base Note
Unlike Equal Temperament tuning, these classic tunings must be tuned to a specific key. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to select the key you want the previously selected tuning to be based. The selected key will appear on the display, followed by a low bar if flat (e.g. "A_") or a high bar if sharp (e.g. "Fto").
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default settings "C".

NOTE
The base note setting is effective for tunings other than the Equal Temperament tuning.

F3	Dual Mode Functions
After selecting "F3.Y", press the [plus/YES] button to engage the dual-mode function sub-mode, then use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons to select the desired dual mode function, as listed below. 
If the Dual mode is not engaged "F3.-" will appear instead of "F3.y" and the Dual mode functions cannot be selected. If this happens engage the Dual mode and proceed (See page 17 for more information on the Dual Mode.)

SHORTCUT:	You can jump directly to the dual-mode functions (F3) by pressing the [FUNCTION] button while holding the two dual-mode voice selectors.

NOTE
Dual mode function settings are set individually for each voice combination.

F3.1: Dual Balance
The volume levels of the two voices combined in the dual mode can be adjusted as required by using this function. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to adjust the balance as required. The balance range is from 0 through 20. A setting of "10" produces equal balance between the two dual-mode voices. Settings below "10" increase the volume of the 2nd Voice in relation to the 1st Voice, and settings above "10" increase the volume of the 1st Voice in relation to the 2nd Voice ("1ST" and "2nd" is explained on page 17). Press the [minus/NO]and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting (different for each voice combination).
You can set one voice as the main voice, and another voice as a softer, mixed voice.

F3.2: Dual Detune
This function makes it possible to detune the 1st and 2nd dual-mode Voices to create a thicker sound. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to set the amount of detuning as required. The detune range is from minus 10 through 10. A setting of "0" sets both voices to the same pitch. "plus" values raise the pitch of the 1st voice while lowering the pitch of the 2nd voice, and "minus" values raise the pitch of the 2nd voice while lowering the pitch of the 1st voice. ("1ST" and "2ND" is explained on page 17). Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting (different for each voice combination).

NOTE
The maximum amount of pitch variation increases toward the lower key range (plus 49/minus 49 cents at the E0 key), and decreases toward the higher key range (plus 5/minus 5 cents at the G6 key). 100 cents equal 1 semitone.

F3.3: 1st Voice Octave Shift
F3.4: 2nd Voice Octave Shift
Depending on which voices you combine using the dual mode, the combination may sound better if one of the voices is shifted up or down an octave. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to set the octave of the 1st or 2nd Voice as required ("1ST" and "2ND" is explained on page 17). The available settings are "0" for normal pitch, "minus 1" to shift the pitch down one octave, and "1" to shift the pitch up one octave. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting (different for each voice combination).

F3.5: 1st Voice Effect Depth
F3.6: 2nd Voice Effect Depth
These functions make it possible to individually set the depth of the effect for the 1st and 2nd dual-mode Voices ("1st" and "2 nd" is explained on page 17). Use the [minus/NO] and 
[plus/YES] buttons to set the effect depth for the corresponding voice as required. The depth range is from 0 through 20. A setting of "0" produces no effect, while a setting of "20" produces maximum effect depth. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting (different for each voice combination).

NOTE
The effect depth settings cannot be changed unless the EFFECT is ON. The Function mode must be exited before EFFECT can be turned ON.

F3.7: Reset
This function resets all dual-mode functions to their default values. Press the [plus/YES] button to reset the values. "End" will appear on the display when all functions have been reset.

F4	Soft Pedal Mode
This function sets the footswitch connected to the SOFT jack for normal soft pedal operation or for song start/stop operation. Use the [minus/NO] or [plus/YES] buttons to select the desired soft pedal mode. "1" engages the normal soft pedal mode, and "2" engages the start/stop mode. When the start/stop mode is engaged, the footswitch connected to the SOFT jack functions in the same way as the SONG [START/STOP] button on the panel.
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting of "1"

F5	Metronome Volume
SHORTCUT:You can jump directly to the metronome functions by pressing the [FUNCTION] button while holding the METRONOME [START/STOP] button.

The volume of the metronome sound can be changed. After selecting "F5", use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to set the metronome volume as required. The volume range is from 1 through 20. A setting of "1" produces minimum sound, while a setting of "20" produces maximum metronome volume. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting "10".

F6	Preset Song Part Cancel Volume
This function sets the volume at which a "canceled" part is played during preset song playback (see page 16 for information on the "part-cancel" function). Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to set the volume as required. The volume range is from 0 through 20. A setting of "0" produces no sound, while a setting of "20" produces maximum volume. Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting "5".
Adjust the part volume to a comfortable level to use the "canceled" part as a guide to play along with. Set to "0" if you don't want to hear the part. 

F7	MIDI Functions
After selecting "F7.y", press the [plus/YES] button to engage the MIDI function sub-mode, then use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons to select the desired MIDI function, as listed below. 

Always use a high-quality MIDI cable to connect MIDI OUT to MIDI IN terminals. Never use MIDI cables longer than about 15 meters, since cables longer than this can pick up noise which can cause data errors.

F7.1: MIDI Transmit Channel Selection
F7.2: MIDI Receive Channel Selection

(Figure)
Sequencer
MIDI OUT
MIDI IN
Tone Generator (Set to receive on MIDI channel 2)
MIDI THRU
MIDI IN
YPP-100 (Set to receive on MIDI channel 1)

The MIDI system allows transmission and reception of MIDI data on 16 different channels. Multiple channels have been implemented to allow selective control of certain instruments or devices connected in series. For example, a single MIDI sequence recorder could be used to "play" two different instruments or tone generators. One of the instruments or tone generators could be set to receive only on channel 1, while the other is set to receive on channel 2. In this situation the first instrument or tone generator will respond only to channel-1 information transmitted by the sequence recorder, while the second instrument or tone generator will respond only to channel-2 information. This allows the sequence recorder to "play" two completely different parts on the receiving instruments or tone generators.
In any MIDI control setup, the MIDI channels of the transmitting and receiving equipment must be matched for proper data transfer. A "Multi-timbre" receive mode is also available, which allows simultaneous reception of different parts on all 16 MIDI channels, allowing the YPP-100 to play multi-channel song data received from a music computer or sequencer. There's also a "1-2" mode which allows simultaneous reception on channels 1 and 2.
Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to select the desired transmit or receive channel. The transmit channel parameter can also be turned "OFF" if you don't want the YPP-100 to transmit any MIDI data. To select the multi-timbre receive mode, set the receive channel to "ALL". Select "1-2" for multi-timbre reception on channels 1 and 2 only.
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting: transmit equal "1"; receive = "ALL".

NOTE
In the dual mode, first voice data is transmitted on its set channel while second voice data is transmitted on the next greater channel. No data is transmitted if the transmit channel is set to "OFF".
Demo/preset song data and recorder playback data are not transmitted via MIDI.
No MIDI reception occurs when the demo/preset song mode is engaged.
Program change and other like channel messages received will not affect the YPP-100's panel settings or what is being played on the keyboard.

F7.3: Local Control ON/OFF

(Figure)
YPP-100
MIDI OUT
MIDI IN
Tone Generator

"Local Control" refers to the fact that, normally, the YPP-100 keyboard controls its internal tone generator, allowing the internal voices to be played directly from the keyboard. This situation is "Local Control On" since the internal tone generator is controlled locally by its own keyboard.
Local control can be turned OFF, however, so that the YPP-100 keyboard does not play the internal voices, but the appropriate MIDI information is still transmitted via the MIDI OUT connector when notes are played on the keyboard. At the same time, the internal tone generator responds to MIDI information received via the MIDI IN connector.

Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn local control "On" or "OFF". 
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting "On".

F7.4: Program Change ON/OFF 	
Normally the YPP-100 will respond to MIDI program change numbers received from an external keyboard or other MIDI device, causing the correspondingly numbered voice to be selected on the corresponding channel (the keyboard voice does not change). The YPP-100 will normally also send a MIDI program change number whenever one of its voices is selected, causing the correspondingly numbered voice or program to be selected on the external MIDI device if the device is set up to receive and respond to MIDI program change numbers.
This function makes it possible to cancel program change number reception and transmission so that voices can be selected on the YPP-100 without affecting the external MIDI device.

Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn program change transmission and reception "On" or "OFF". 
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting "On".

NOTE
For information on program change numbers for each of the YPP-100's voices, refer to page 42 in the MIDI Data Format section.

F7.5: Control Change ON/OFF
Normally the YPP-100 will respond to MIDI control change data received from an external MIDI device or keyboard, causing the voice on the corresponding channel to be affected by pedal and other "control" settings received from the controlling device (the keyboard voice is not affected). The YPP-100 also transmits MIDI control change information when one of its pedals or other appropriate controls are operated.
This function makes it possible to cancel control change data reception and transmission so that, for example, the YPP-100 pedals and other controls can be operated without affecting an external MIDI device.

Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn control change transmission and reception "On" or "OFF". 
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting "On".

NOTE
For information on control changes that can be used with the YPP-100, refer to the MIDI Data Format on page 41.

F7.6: MIDI Transmit Transpose
This function allows the MIDI note data transmitted by the YPP-100 to be transposed up or down in semitone increments by up to plus or minus 12 semitones. The pitch of the YPP-100 itself is not affected.
Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to set the desired amount of MIDI transmit transposition. The range is from "minus 12" (down one octave) through "0" (no transposition) to "12" (up one octave). 
Press the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons simultaneously to recall the default setting "0".

F7.7: Panel/Status Transmit
This function causes all the current YPP-100 panel settings (selected voice, etc.) to be transmitted via the MIDI OUT terminal. This is particularly useful if you will be recording performances to a MIDI sequence recorder such as the Yamaha MIDI Data Filer MDF3 which will be used to control the YPP-100 on playback. By transmitting the YPP-100 panel settings and recording them on the MIDI sequence recorder prior to the actual performance data, the YPP-100 will be automatically restored to the same settings when the performance is played back. 

Press the [plus/YES] button to transmit the panel/status data. "End" will appear on the LED display when the data has been successfully transmitted.

NOTE
See page 42 for list of the "Panel Data Contents" transmitted by this function.
Panel setting data that is transmitted to an external device can only be reloaded on a model of the same type. Panel setting data can also be directly transferred to or from instruments of the same model type.

F7.8: Bulk Data Dump
This function is used to transmit all data stored in the Recorder memory to a MIDI data storage device such as the Yamaha MIDI Data Filer MDF3, other sequence recorders, or MIDI compatible computers.
Press the [plus/YES] button to begin bulk transmission. "End" will appear on the LED display when the data has been successfully transmitted.

NOTE
User song recorder data that is transmitted to an external device can only be reloaded on a model of the same type. Recorder data can also be directly transferred to or from instruments of the same model type.
The reload operation cannot be executed when the demo/preset song mode or user song recorder is in operation, or when the Function mode is engaged.
No MIDI note/panel data transmission or data reception occurs during a bulk data dump transmit operation. 

F8	Backup Functions
After selecting "F8.y", press the [plus/YES] button to engage the backup function sub-mode, then use the [TEMPO/FUNCTION DOWN, UP] buttons to select the desired backup function, as listed below.

NOTE
The backup settings themselves, and the contents of the user song recorder memory, are always backed up.

Even if the Backup is turned on, factory presets can be recalled at any time (see page 37). The factory setting list is found on page 40.

Even if backup is turned on via one of the functions described below, the data will only be retained in memory for about 1 week if the power is not turned on during this time. If the backup period is exceeded, all settings will be reset to their default values. If you want to retain the backup settings for longer periods, be sure to turn the power switch on for a few minutes at least once a week.

F8.1: Voice
Turns backup of the voice functions listed below on or off. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn backup "On" or "OFF". 
The default backup mode is "OFF".

Voice (Keyboard and Dual)
Dual (ON/OFF, Voice, and Dual Functions for each voice combination)
Reverb (ON/OFF, Type, and Depth for each voice)
Effect (ON/OFF, Type, and Depth for each voice)
Touch Sensitivity (including the FIXED volume)
Metronome (Beat, Volume)
Preset Song Part Cancel Volume

F8.2: MIDI
Turns backup of the MIDI functions listed below on or off. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn backup "On" or "OFF". 
The default backup mode is "OFF".

Channel (Transmit, Receive)
Local ON/OFF
Program Change ON/OFF
Control Change ON/OFF
MIDI Transmit Transpose

F8.3: Tuning
Turns backup of the tuning functions listed below on or off. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn backup "On" or "OFF". 
The default backup mode is "OFF".

Transpose
Tuning
Scale (including base note)

F8.4: Pedal
Turns backup of the Soft Pedal Mode on or off. Use the [minus/NO] and [plus/YES] buttons to turn backup "On" or "OFF". 
The default backup mode is "OFF".


Using the MIDI Functions

The YPP-100 is MIDI-compatible, featuring MIDI IN and MIDI OUT terminals and providing a variety of MIDI-related controls. By using the MIDI functions you can expand your musical possibilities. This section explains what MIDI is, and what it can do, as well as how you can use MIDI on your YPP-100.

What Is MIDI?

No doubt you have heard the terms "acoustic instrument" and "digital instrument." In the world today, these are the two main categories of instruments. Let's consider an acoustic piano and a classical guitar as representative acoustic instruments. They are easy to understand. With the piano, you strike a key, and a hammer inside hits some strings and plays a note. With the guitar, you directly pluck a string and the note sounds. But how does a digital instrument go about playing a note?

(Figure)
Acoustic guitar note production
Pluck a string and the body resonates the sound.

(Figure)
Digital instrument note production
Sampling Note
Tone Generator (Electric circuit)
Sampling Note
Playing the keyboard
Based on playing information from the keyboard, a sampling note stored in the tone generator is played through the speakers. 

As shown in the illustration above, in an electronic instrument the sampling note (previously recorded note) stored in the tone generator section (electronic circuit) is played based on information received from the keyboard. So then what is the information from the keyboard that becomes the basis for note production? 

For example, let's say you play a "C" quarter note using the PIANO 1 sound on the YPP-100 keyboard. Unlike an acoustic instrument that puts out a resonated note, the electronic instrument puts out information from the keyboard such as "with what voice," "with which key," "about how strong," "when was it pressed," and "when was it released." Then each piece of information is changed into a number value and sent to the tone generator. Using these numbers as a basis, the tone generator plays the stored sampling note. 

Example of Keyboard Information
(Table)
Voice (with what voice)	PIANO 1
Note number (with which key)	60 (C3)
Note on (when was it pressed) and note off (when was it released)	Timing expressed numerically (quarter note)
Velocity (about how strong)	100 (strong)
(Table end)

MIDI is an acronym that stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, which allows electronic musical instruments to communicate with each other, by sending and receiving compatible Note, Control Change, Program Change and various other types of MIDI data, or messages. 
The YPP-100 can control a MIDI device by transmitting note related data and various types of controller data. The YPP-100 can be controlled by the incoming MIDI messages which automatically determine tone generator mode, select MIDI channels, voices and effects, change parameter values and of course play the voices specified for the various parts. 

MIDI messages can be divided into two groups: Channel messages and System messages. Below is an explanation of the various types of MIDI messages which the YPP-100 can receive/transmit. 

Channel Messages
The YPP-100 is an electronic instrument that can handle 16 channels. This is usually expressed as "it can play 16 instruments at the same time." Channel messages transmit information such as Note ON/OFF, Program Change, for each of the 16 channels.

(Table)
Message Name	YPP-100 Operation/Panel Setting
Note ON/OFF	Messages which are generated when the keyboard is played. Each message includes a specific note number which corresponds to the key which is pressed, plus a velocity value based on how hard the key is stuck.
Program Change	Voice number (along with corresponding bank select MSB/LSB settings, if necessary).
Control Change	Messages that are used to change some aspect of the sound (Damper, Reverb Depth, etc.)
(Table end)

System Messages
This is data that is used in common by the entire MIDI system. System messages include messages like Exclusive Messages that transmit data unique to each instrument manufacturer and Realtime Messages that control the MIDI device.

(Table)
Message Name	YPP-100 Operation/Panel Setting
Exclusive Message	Reverb/Effect settings, etc.
Realtime Messages	Start/stop operation

The messages transmitted/received by the YPP-100 are shown in the MIDI Implementation Chart on page 45. 

MIDI Terminals
In order to exchange MIDI data between multiple devices, each device must be connected by a cable. 
The MIDI terminals of the YPP-100 are located on the rear panel.

MIDI IN	Receives MIDI data from another MIDI device.
MIDI OUT	Transmits the YPP-100's keyboard information as MIDI data to another MIDI device.

NOTE
Special MIDI cables (sold separately) must be used for connecting to MIDI devices. They can be bought at music stores, etc.

Never use MIDI cables longer than about 15 meters. Cables longer than this can pick up noise which can cause data errors.


Connecting to a Personal Computer

By connecting your YPP-100's MIDI terminals to a personal computer, you can have access to a wide variety of music software.
When using a MIDI interface device installed in the personal computer, connect the MIDI terminals of the personal computer and the YPP-100.
Use only special MIDI cables when connecting MIDI devices.

Connect the MIDI terminals of the YPP-100 to the MIDI terminals of the personal computer.

(Figure)

NOTE
When connecting the YPP-100 to a personal computer, first turn the power to both the YPP-100 and the computer OFF before connecting the cable. After connecting the cable, turn the power to the computer on first, then turn on the YPP-100.

When using a MIDI interface with a Macintosh series computer, connect the RS-422 terminal of the computer (modem or printer terminal) to the MIDI interface, as shown in the diagram below. 

(Figure)
Computer (sequencer software)
RS-422
MIDI Interface
MIDI IN
MIDI OUT
YPP-100

NOTE
When using a Macintosh series computer, set the MIDI interface clock setting in the application software to match the setting of the MIDI interface you are using. For details, refer to the owner's manual for the software you are using.

When connecting to a computer with a USB interface, use the Yamaha UX16 USB/MIDI Interface.  Connect the UX16 and the computer with a standard USB cable, then make the proper MIDI connections between the YPP-100 and the UX16.

(Figure)


Factory Preset Recall
All dual mode, reverb, effect, touch sensitivity, tuning settings, and the settings affected by the Backup Functions can be restored to their original factory preset values by holding the G6 key (rightmost key on the keyboard) while turning the [STANDBY/ON] switch ON. This also erases all recorder data, and sets all Backup on/off settings (F8) to "OFF".

NOTE
The factory setting list is found on page 40.


Troubleshooting
If you encounter what appears to be a malfunction, please check the following points before assuming that your YPP-100 is faulty.

1. 	No Sound When the Power is Turned ON
Is the AC power adaptor properly connected to the YPP-100 and an AC wall outlet? Check the AC connection carefully. Is the MASTER VOLUME control turned up to a reasonable listening level? 
Also make sure that a pair of headphones is not plugged into the PHONES jack, and that the Local Control (page 31) is ON.

2.	The Footswitch Doesn't Work Correctly
If the footswitch connected to the DAMPER or SOFT jacks does not work, or notes are sustained even when the pedal is not pressed (its ON/OFF status is reversed), make sure that the footswitch is properly plugged into the corresponding jack or turn the power OFF then ON again without pressing the footswitch.

3.	The YPP-100 Reproduces Radio or TV Sound
This can occur if there is a high-power transmitter in your vicinity. Contact your Yamaha dealer.

4.	Intermittent Static Noise
This is usually due to turning ON or OFF a household appliance or other electronic equipment which is fed by the same AC mains line as your YPP-100.

5.	Interference Appears On Radio or TV Sets Located Near the YPP-100
The YPP-100 contains digital circuitry which can generate radio-frequency noise. The solution is to move the YPP-100 further away from the affected equipment, or vice versa.

6.	Noise is heard from the YPP-100's speakers.
The noise may be due to interference caused by the use of a mobile phone in close proximity to the YPP-100.
Turn off the mobile phone, or use it further away from the YPP-100.

7.	Distorted Sound When the YPP-100 is Connected to An External Amplifier/Speaker System
If the YPP-100 is connected to a stereo system or instrument amplifier and the sound is distorted, try reducing the volume of the YPP-100 first, then reduce the volume of the external equipment to a level at which the distortion ceases.

If "Scn" appears on the display an internal malfunction has occurred. In this case, contact your Yamaha dealer.


Options
FC5, FC4 Footswitch
Connects to the DAMPER or SOFT Jacks.

HPE-150 Stereo Headphones	
High-performance lightweight dynamic headphones with extra-soft ear pads.



Voice Descriptions

(Table)
Voice.	Stereo/Mono.	Touch Response.	Voice Descriptions.
PIANO 1.	Stereo.	available.	Newly-recorded samples from a full concert grand piano. Perfect for classical compositions as well as any other style that requires acoustic piano.
PIANO 2.	Stereo.	available.	A bright, expansive piano sound which is ideal for rock and popular genres.
E.PIANO	Mono.	available.	Soft tone when played lightly, and an aggressive tone when played hard.
HARPSICHORD.	Stereo.	not available.	The definitive instrument for baroque music. Since harpsichord uses plucked strings, there is no touch response. There is, however, a characteristic additional sound when the keys are released.
VIBRAPHONE.	Stereo.	available.	Vibraphone played with relatively soft mallets. The tone becomes more metallic the harder you play.
CHURCH ORGAN.	Stereo.	not available.	A soft pipe-organ type voice that is ideal for hymn accompaniment and other styles.
STRINGS.	Stereo.	available.	A large string ensemble. Try combining this voice with piano in the DUAL mode.
CHOIR.	Stereo.	available.	A big, spacious choir voice. Perfect for creating rich harmonies in slow pieces.
(Table end)

Demo and Preset Song List

Voice Demo Tune Titles
(Table)
Voice Name.	Title.	Composer.
PIANO 1.	Fantasie-Impromptu	F.F.Chopin
PIANO 2.	Yamaha Original	H.Fujita
E.PIANO.	Yamaha Original	Fukuda
HARPSICHORD.	Le Coucou	L-C.Daquin
VIBRAPHONE.	Yamaha Original	H.Fujita
CHURCH ORGAN.	Organ Concerto Op.4 No.2	G.F.H?ndel
STRINGS.	Brandenburgisches Konzert No.3	J.S.Bach
CHOIR.	Kantate Nr.140	J.S.Bach
(Table end)
Some of the demonstration pieces listed above are short rearranged excerpts from the original compositions.  		
Original songs are all rights reserved (C) 2001 YAMAHA CORPORATION).		

Preset Song Titles
(Table)
No.	Title	Composer
1	Arabesque 1	C.A.Debussy
2	Melody in F	A.Rubinstein
3	Prelude op.28-15 "Raindrop"	F.F.Chopin
4	Nocturne op.9-2	F.F.Chopin
5	Valse op.64-1 "Petit chien"	F.F.Chopin
6	Valse op.69-1 "L'adieu"	F.F.Chopin
7	Piano Sonate op.27-2 "Mondschein" 1st mov.	L.v.Beethoven
8	Etudeaop.10-12 "Revolutionary"	F.F.Chopin
9	Traumerei 	R.Schumann
10	Menuett G dur	W.A.Mozart
11	Prelude (Wohltemperierte Klavier I No.1)	J.S.Bach
12	Turkish March (Piano Sonate No.11 K.331)	W.A.Mozart
13	Impromptu op.90-2	F.P.Schubert
14	Moments Musicaux op.94-3	F.P.Schubert
15	Fruhlingslied op.62-2	J.L.F.Mendelssohn
16	Clairude lune	C.A.Debussy
17	Arabesque	J.F.F.Burgmuller
18	Lauchevaleresque	J.F.F.Burgmuller
19	FuraElise	L.v.Beethoven
20	Liebestraume Nr.3	F.Liszt
(Table end)

Factory Setting List
(Talbe)
		 Backup Group
Voice	PIANO 1	
Dual Mode	OFF	
Reverb Type	Preset for each voice	
Reverb Depth	Preset for each voice	F8.1
Effect Type	Preset for each voice	
Effect Depth	Preset for each voice	
Touch Sensitivity	MEDIUM	
Volume in the FIXED Mode	80	
Metronome	OFF	Not memorized
Metronome Time Signature	0 (no accent)	F8.1
Tempo	120	Not memorized
Transpose	0	F8.3

(Table end)

Function
(Table)		
	Function.	Default	Backup Group.
F1	Tuning	A3=440Hz	
F2.1	Scale	1 (Equal Temperament)	F8.3
F2.2	Base Note	C	
F3.1	Dual Balance	Preset for each voice combination	
F3.2 	Dual Detune	Preset for each voice combination	F8.1
F3.3, F3.4	Dual Octave Shift	Preset for each voice combination	
F3.5, F.3.6	Dual Effect Depth	Preset for each voice combination	
F4	Soft Pedal Mode	1 (soft pedal)	F8.4
F5	Metronome Volume	10	F8.1
F6	Preset Song Part Cancel Volume	5	
F7.1	MIDI Transmit Channel	1	
F7.2	MIDI Receive Channel	ALL	
F7.3	Local Control	ON	F8.2
F7.4	Program Change Send & Receive	ON	
F7.5	Control Change Send & Receive	ON	
F7.6	MIDI Transmit Transpose	0	
F8	Backup	All OFF	Always backed up
(Table end)


(MIDI Data Format is not available.)

(MIDI Implementation Chart is not available.)



Keyboard Stand Assembly

CAUTION
Be careful not to confuse parts, and be sure to install all parts in the correct direction. Please assemble in accordance with the sequence given below.

Assembly should be carried out by at least two persons.

Be sure to use the correct screw size, as indicated above. Use of incorrect screws can cause damage.

Be sure to tighten up all screws upon completing assembly of each unit.

To disassemble, reverse the assembly sequence given below.

Have a Phillips-head (plus ) screwdriver ready.

The parts shown in the "Assembly Parts" illustration will be used. Follow the assembly instructions and select the parts as needed.


Assembly Parts

(Figure)
Back board
Side boards
Stand bases
(1)	6 x 70 mm round head screws (4 pcs.)
(2)	Joint connectors (4 pcs.)
(3)	3.5 x 16 mm tapping screws (12 pcs.)
(4)	6 x 30 mm round head screws (4 pcs.)
(5)	5 x 16 mm round head screws (4 pcs.)
(6)	Angle brackets (4 pcs.)



1.	Attach the stand bases.
Making sure that the boards are facing the proper direction (the holes should face inside), insert the joint connectors (2) into the holes as shown.  The joint connectors have been installed properly if you can see a plus mark on the connector.
Attach the stand bases to the rear of the side boards, using the 6 x 70 mm round head screws (1).
(Figure)
Fig. 1
(2)	Joint connectors
(1)	6 x 70 mm round head screws


2.	Attach the angle brackets.
Attach the angle brackets (6) to the side boards using the 3.5 x 16 mm tapping screws (3).
(Figure)
Fig. 2
(6)	Angle brackets
(3)	3.5 x 16 mm tapping screws


3.	Attach the back board.
Attach the back board, using the 6 x 30 mm round head screws (4).

CAUTION
Be careful not to drop the back board or touch the sharp metal fittings.
(Figure)
Fig. 3
(4)	6 x 30 mm round head screws


4.	Put the keyboard on the stand.
Carefully place the keyboard on the side boards.
Slowly move the keyboard so that the holes on the bottom of the keyboard are properly aligned with the holes on the angle brackets.

CAUTION
Be careful not to drop the keyboard or to get your fingers caught between the keyboard and the stand parts.


5.	Install the keyboard to the stand.
Fix the keyboard to the angle brackets, using the 5 x 16 mm round head screws (5).
(Figure)
Fig. 5
(5)	5 x 16 mm round head screws


Post-assembly checklist
Once you've assembled the stand, check the following points:

Are there any parts left over?
->	If so, sread the assembly instructions again and correct any errors you might have made.

Is the instrument clear of doors and other movable fixtures?
->	If not, move the instrument to an appropriate location.

Does the instrument make a rattling noise when you play it or move it?
->	If so, properly tighten all screws.

Also, if the keyboard makes a creaking noise or seems unsteady when you play it, refer carefully to the assembly instructions and diagrams and retighten all screws.



Specifications

(Table)
YPP-100
KEYBOARD	76 KEYS (E0 to G6)
POLYPHONY	64 NOTES MAX.
VOICE SELECTORS	8 voices
REVERB	ROOM, HALL 1, HALL 2, STAGE
EFFECT 	CHORUS, PHASER, TREMOLO, DELAY
TOUCH SENSITIVITY	HARD, MEDIUM, SOFT, FIXED
SONG CONTROLS	TRACK 1, TRACK 2, SONG [START/STOP], REC
PEDAL CONTROLS	SOFT, DAMPER
OTHER CONTROLS	MASTER VOLUME, DEMO, TRANSPOSE, FUNCTION, METRONOME [START/STOP], TEMPO/FUNCTION [UP]/[DOWN], [minus/NO]/[[plus/YES], PRESET SONG, LED Display 
JACKS/CONNECTORS	PHONES x 2, OUTPUT R & L/L plus R, MIDI IN/OUT, PEDAL DAMPER/SOFT, DC IN 12V
MAIN AMPLIFIERS	6 W x 2
SPEAKERS	12 cm x 2
POWER CONSUMPTION	18 W (when using PA-5C power adaptor)
POWER SUPPLY	Adaptor : Yamaha PA-5C or PA-5D AC power adaptor 
DIMENTIONS (W x D x H)	1,178 x 410 x 785 mm  (46-3/8" x 16-1/8" x 30-7/8")(not including the Music stand)
	1,178 x 410 x 968 mm  (46-3/8" x 16-1/8" x 38-1/8")(including the Music stand)
WEIGHT	16.8 kg (37 lbs. 1 oz.)(including the Keyboard stand)
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES	Owner's Manual, Music Stand, FC5 Footswitch, Keyboard Stand
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES	Headphones : HPE-150
Footswitch : FC4, FC5
USB/MIDI Interface : UX16
(Table end)

Specifications and descriptions in this owner's manual are for information purposes only. Yamaha Corp. reserves the right to change or modify products or specifications at any time without prior notice. Since specifications, equipment or options may not be the same in every locale, please check with your Yamaha dealer.



